Folland Gnat- Petter’s lightweight fighter

W.E.W Petter was a brilliant aircraft designer, responsible for some very well-known British aircraft types. When working at Westland he designed the Lysander communication plane and the quite unorthodox Whirlwind twin-engine fighter. After the war he joined English Electric and gained again fame with his design for a twin-jet bomber: the Canberra.

Yugoslavia used only two samples of Folland Gnat in test center. Idea of larger deployment were never realised.
Yugoslavia used only two samples of Folland Gnat in test center. Idea of larger deployment were never realised.

He left English Electric to join the relatively small aircraft manufacturer Folland for another ambitious project: a light-weight fighter with the same performances as the Hawker Hunter, but much smaller and simpler to construct at much lower costs. Designated as the Folland Fo.139 and appropriately named ‘Midge’, this small jetplane made its first flight on 11 August 1954. The Midge was nothing more than a ‘proof-of-concept’ prototype without any armament and with its Armstring Siddeley Viper jet engine of only 744 kg thrust it was definitely underpowered.

Top two images: The Midge ‘Proof-of-concept’ plane. It was painted in a Nordic blue scheme with white lettering of the Class-B registration G-39-. Mid two images: Another view of the R..A.F. single-seat evaluation aircraft. On the other photo we see the Gnat could carry on under-wing stores 16 unguided rockets and two additional fuel tanks. Bottom two images: Left- a row of Finnish air force Gnats. Right- an Indian Ajeet
Gnat XK740 was one of the aircraft of the small batch ordered by the R.A.F. for operational evaluation.
Gnat XK740 was one of the aircraft of the small batch ordered by the R.A.F. for operational evaluation.

It crashed on 6 September 1955 when flown by a Swiss pilot., who was tragically killed. The accident investigation concluded the crash was caused by human error… A further operational development was the slightly larger and heavier Fo.140 ‘Gnat’ with a new Armstrong Siddeley Orpheus engine giving almost double the thrust of the Viper. The Gnat made its first flight on 18 July 1955 with civil Class-B markings G-39-2.

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About the Author

Nico

Born: 21.05.1946 Nationality: Dutch Flying experience: gliders only; more than 1100 starts or 215 hours since 1991 on the following types: two-seaters: Schleicher ASK-13, Schleicher ASK-21, Grob Twin Astir Single seaters: Schleicher K-8c, PZL-Bielsko SZD-51-1 Junior, Rolladen-Schneider LS-4b, Pilatus B4-PC-11, Schleicher ASK-23 Interest: aircraft built as prototype or in small numbers only Photos: more than 10,000 world-wide covering the period 1930 up to now Archive: technical info and 3-view drawings on most types; more than 850 books on aviation.

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